Nickel, vanadium, sulfate, nitrate, bromine, and ammonium are the components of fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) that contribute most to the association between long-term exposure to air ...

Air: The mixture of gases that form the atmosphere of the Earth. By volume, dry air is composed of nitrogen (78.09%), Oxygen (20.95%), argon (0.93%), carbon dioxide (0.03%), and several trace gases.

Let's begin with the fundamentals of mixing air and gasoline for the purpose of producing power. (Rudolf Diesel's compression ignition is a different thing entirely. We'll touch on it briefly in what ...

Leaning the mixture is an underutilized technique for pilots to significantly improve fuel economy, extend flight endurance, and prevent engine issues like spark plug fouling. Proper leaning optimizes ...

In Part One of this series (January '93), we discussed how an internal-combustion engine heats a fuel-and-air mixture to convert it into mechanical energy. In February, we reviewed how a four ...

A mass air flow sensor is one of the numerous tiny widgets and gewgaws that make up a modern automobile's electronic fuel injection system. In the MAF's case, it tells the car's computer how much air ...

OBJECTIVE: Wet flow, pressure excursions, port volume, runner length, plenum volume—all these figure into an engine's overall efficiency. But there's more… Sometimes theory is neat, but sometimes it ...

Diesel engines typically have beefier, more robust cooling components to keep the motor cool in varying conditions. Modern diesels operate at a higher compression ratio, which makes their combustion ...