Ecological communities are shaped by a complex array of direct and indirect interactions. These interactions are spatially and temporally dynamic and can be challenging to disentangle. Relationships ...

In financial accounting and taxes, attributing expenses to the correct category isn’t just a tip or guideline; it’s a requirement when filing IRS forms, requesting grant funds, or reporting to ...

For many years ecologists have sought to understand the roles and importance of direct and indirect effects in communities. Direct effects, as the name implies, deal with the direct impact of one ...