Abstract: This research investigates the characteristics of Modular Multiplicative Divisor MMD labeling in a Jewel Graph under vertex switching when the jewel count is odd. We formally establish that ...

Every time you send a text, pay for groceries with your phone, or use your health site, you are relying on encryption.

Oracle-based quantum algorithms cannot use deep loops because quantum states exist only as mathematical amplitudes in Hilbert space with no physical substrate. Criticall ...