In the Gaussian-modulated coherent state quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, the sender first generates Gaussian-distributed random numbers and then encodes them on weak laser pulses actively by ...

Across industries, pricing strategies are quietly shifting. What was once a predictable rhythm of annual increases is now giving way to continuous, incremental adjustments—and, in some cases, fully ...

A technique for generating normally distributed random numbers is described. It is faster than those currently in general use and is readily applicable to both binary and decimal computers.

A little while back, we took a look at a large cargo bike from Urban Arrow that had some interesting features: a drive train that sported continuous variable gearing and a belt drive. But it was ...

We propose a bidirectional quantum teleportation (BQT) protocol in continuous variables. We use a cluster state in continuous variables as the main resource to realize this protocol. In the paper, we ...

Probability distribution is an essential concept in statistics, helping us understand the likelihood of different outcomes in a random experiment. Whether you’re a student, researcher, or professional ...

Roll a die and ask students to identify the random variable. Since a die can only take on values of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, this is a discrete random variable. Repeat ...